Markowitz Gerald, Rosner David
John Jay College, City University Graduate Center, 899 Tenth Avenue, New York, New York 10019, USA.
J Public Health Policy. 2003;24(2):105-29.
Since the 1970s, the CDC has depended upon independent scientists and policy consultants, who are experts in the field to gather information and provide advice to the CDC regarding policy initiatives for a variety of toxic materials. One of the most important safeguards of the scientific integrity of governmental policy and research has been the 258 scientific advisory committees to the various branches of the CDC that presently help policymakers decide on the appropriate means of addressing serious scientific issues. These advisory committees, while not possessing the actual power to reshape policy, are important in their role as the font of expert opinion available to various CDC chiefs. During the past two years, the Bush administration has sought to short-circuit the traditional manner in which appointments to the committees have been made and to substitute a process that by and large has reflected its own well-known anti-regulatory and anti-environmental agenda. In this paper we will look at this process, focusing on one important committee that has been responsible for protecting the nation's children from the devastating effects of lead on their neurological well-being.
自20世纪70年代以来，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）一直依赖独立科学家和政策顾问，他们是该领域的专家，负责收集信息并就各种有毒物质的政策倡议向CDC提供建议。政府政策和研究科学诚信的最重要保障之一，是目前为CDC各部门提供帮助的258个科学咨询委员会，这些委员会帮助政策制定者决定应对严重科学问题的适当方法。这些咨询委员会虽然没有实际权力重塑政策，但作为向CDC各位负责人提供专家意见的源头，其作用十分重要。在过去两年里，布什政府试图绕过委员会任命的传统方式，代之以一个大体上反映其众所周知的反监管和反环境议程的程序。在本文中，我们将审视这一过程，重点关注一个重要委员会，该委员会一直负责保护美国儿童免受铅对其神经健康的毁灭性影响。
