Zelman D C, Brandon T H, Jorenby D E, Baker T B
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992 Dec;60(6):943-52. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.60.6.943.
Smokers (N = 126) were randomly assigned to 6-session smoking cessation treatments consisting of 1 of 2 counseling strategies (skills training or support) and 1 of 2 nicotine exposure strategies (nicotine gum or rapid smoking). Counseling and nicotine strategies were completely crossed; all four combinations resulted in equivalent 1-year abstinence rates. Skills training produced higher initial cessation and more coping responses posttreatment than did support. Rapid smoking, but not nicotine gum, produced tachycardia to the taste of cigarettes posttreatment, consistent with cigarette aversion. The treatments were differentially effective among subpopulations of smokers: Subjects high in pretreatment negative affect responded best to support counseling; those low in pretreatment negative affect responded best to skills training. Self-reports of pretreatment craving predicted response to the nicotine exposure treatments.
吸烟者（N = 126）被随机分配到为期6节的戒烟治疗中，这些治疗由2种咨询策略（技能培训或支持）中的1种和2种尼古丁暴露策略（尼古丁口香糖或快速吸烟）中的1种组成。咨询和尼古丁策略完全交叉；所有四种组合导致的1年戒烟率相当。与支持相比，技能培训在治疗后产生了更高的初始戒烟率和更多的应对反应。快速吸烟而非尼古丁口香糖在治疗后对香烟味道产生心动过速，这与对香烟的厌恶一致。这些治疗在吸烟者亚群体中效果各异：治疗前消极情绪高的受试者对支持性咨询反应最佳；治疗前消极情绪低的受试者对技能培训反应最佳。治疗前渴望的自我报告可预测对尼古丁暴露治疗的反应。
