Darge K, Beer M
Abteilung für Pädiatrische Radiologie, Institut für Röntgendiagnostik der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg.
Radiologe. 2003 Oct;43(10):813-22. doi: 10.1007/s00117-003-0952-1.
Advances in the field of ultrasound technology and ultrasound contrast media over the past few years have also brought major improvements to pediatric sonography. Accordingly, contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography has become a valuable alternative in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux. It is possible to achieve significant reduction in radiation exposure replacing the conventional radiologic methods used for reflux diagnosis with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Through the introduction of harmonic imaging, an ultrasound scanning modality with high spatial and contrast resolution has become available. The modality was initially propagated as one to be applied in difficult-to-scan adults. However, initial experiences in pediatric applications are demonstrating the significant improvement it can bring in the ultrasound image quality, for example, in intestinal ultrasound. A further development is three-dimensional [3D] imaging using ultrasound. 3D-ultrasound not only offers an improvement in diagnosis but also in the acceptance of ultrasound in interdisciplinary work and teaching. The first applications of 3D-ultrasound in pediatrics are focusing on brain ultrasound and volume measurement of the kidneys.
在过去几年中，超声技术和超声造影剂领域的进展也给儿科超声检查带来了重大改进。因此，超声造影剂增强排尿超声检查已成为诊断膀胱输尿管反流的一种有价值的替代方法。用超声造影剂取代用于反流诊断的传统放射学方法，可以显著减少辐射暴露。通过引入谐波成像，一种具有高空间和对比分辨率的超声扫描方式得以实现。这种方式最初是作为一种应用于难以扫描的成年人的方法进行推广的。然而，儿科应用的初步经验表明，它可以显著提高超声图像质量，例如在肠道超声检查中。超声技术的进一步发展是三维（3D）成像。三维超声不仅在诊断方面有所改进，而且在跨学科工作和教学中对超声的接受度方面也有所提高。三维超声在儿科的首次应用主要集中在脑部超声检查和肾脏体积测量上。
