Washburn J O, Hartmann E U
Department of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
J Med Entomol. 1992 Nov;29(6):995-1005. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/29.6.995.
The ability of temperate zone-adapted Aedes albopictus (Skuse) to survive and complete development in California tree holes was evaluated in laboratory experiments that assessed development under simulated wet-season conditions, larval competition with Aedes sierrensis at different food levels, temporal survivorship of eggs stored under different humidities and temperatures, and suitability of larvae as hosts for the indigenous parasite Lambornella clarki. At all resource levels, Ae. albopictus completed development at temperatures similar to those in natural tree hole water in spring and early summer (> or = 16 degrees C), but not those during the rainy winter months (4-11 degrees C). In competition studies at 21 degrees C, the population performance (i.e., survivorship, pupation time, and adult size) of Ae. albopictus at all resource levels was as good or better when larvae developed with Ae. sierrensis compared with when reared with only conspecifics. Egg survivorship declined with increased storage time, increased temperature, and decreased humidity; > 55% of eggs hatched following 24-wk storage at 11 degrees C with relative humidities > 78%. In host suitability tests, parasitic theronts of L. clarki consistently attacked Ae. albopictus larvae at rates significantly lower than Ae. sierrensis. L. clarki that successfully invaded Ae. albopictus larvae failed to multiply and kill their hosts; thus, Ae. albopictus is not a suitable host for L. clarki. The protracted drying of most tree holes and low water temperatures during the rainy season will hinder but not preclude establishment of Ae. albopictus in California.
在实验室实验中，评估了适应温带的白纹伊蚊（Skuse）在加利福尼亚树洞中的生存和发育能力，这些实验评估了模拟湿季条件下的发育情况、不同食物水平下与西氏伊蚊的幼虫竞争、不同湿度和温度下储存卵的时间存活率，以及幼虫作为本地寄生虫克拉克兰氏兰氏鞭毛虫宿主的适宜性。在所有资源水平下，白纹伊蚊在与春季和初夏天然树洞水中相似的温度（≥16℃）下完成发育，但在多雨的冬季月份（4 - 11℃）则不能。在21℃的竞争研究中，与仅与同种幼虫饲养相比，当白纹伊蚊幼虫与西氏伊蚊一起发育时，在所有资源水平下其种群表现（即存活率、化蛹时间和成虫大小）同样良好或更好。卵的存活率随着储存时间的增加、温度的升高和湿度的降低而下降；在11℃、相对湿度>78%的条件下储存24周后，超过55%的卵孵化。在宿主适宜性测试中，克拉克兰氏兰氏鞭毛虫的寄生幼虫始终以明显低于西氏伊蚊的速率攻击白纹伊蚊幼虫。成功侵入白纹伊蚊幼虫的克拉克兰氏兰氏鞭毛虫未能繁殖并杀死其宿主；因此，白纹伊蚊不是克拉克兰氏兰氏鞭毛虫的适宜宿主。大多数树洞的长期干燥和雨季的低温将阻碍但不会阻止白纹伊蚊在加利福尼亚的定殖。
