Bellido Juan B, Galiano José V, Tirado Maria D, González-Cano José M, Safont Lourdes
Sección de Epidemiología, Centro de Salud Pública de Castellón, Avenida del Mar, 12 12003-Castellón.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2003 Sep-Oct;77(5):629-38.
Intestinal infections are highly frequent processes of which solely a part are identified by the epidemiological monitoring systems. This study is aimed at estimating the incidence on the population, by age groups, of the sporadic intestinal infections diagnosed in one healthcare district in Castellón in the year 2000.
Based on the routine coprocultures, the basic demographic data for each patient was gathered for calculating the diagnosis and hospitalization rates. For children up to five years of age, the per annum rates were calculation for each microorganism.
Campylobacter showed the highest rates (114.5 x 10(5)), followed by rotavirus (94.7) and Salmonella (83.0). Rotavirus is predominant among children under one year of age (3,194 x 10(5)), Campylobacter among those 1-4 year-olds, with a maximum of 3,850 x 10(5) among one-year olds, while Salmonella was predominant among all ages starting as of 5 years of age. The rates for cases hospitalized showed a different pattern, rotavirus ranking first (34.9 x 10(5)), Salmonella (21.7 x 10(5)) and Campylobacter (9.9 x 10(5)). With the exception of Salmonella, there were no outbreaks during the period under study. The predominance of Campylobacter was observed at the expense of the cases among children within the 1-4 age range who were not hospitalized.
Up to 4 years of age, the distribution of the germs causing these infections differs every year. A knowledge of the descriptive epidemiology of these infections contributes to the study of the social impact thereof and provides support for delving deeper into some questions that are posed with a view to these diseases and the preventive aspects which can be implemented.
肠道感染十分常见，但只有一部分能被流行病学监测系统识别出来。本研究旨在估算2000年卡斯特利翁一个医疗区诊断出的散发性肠道感染在各年龄组人群中的发病率。
基于常规粪便培养，收集每位患者的基本人口统计学数据，以计算诊断率和住院率。对于五岁以下儿童，计算每种微生物的年发病率。
弯曲杆菌发病率最高（114.5×10⁵），其次是轮状病毒（94.7）和沙门氏菌（83.0）。轮状病毒在一岁以下儿童中占主导（3194×10⁵），弯曲杆菌在1至4岁儿童中占主导，一岁儿童中发病率最高，达3850×10⁵，而沙门氏菌从五岁起在各年龄段中占主导。住院病例的发病率呈现不同模式，轮状病毒居首（34.9×10⁵），沙门氏菌（21.7×10⁵），弯曲杆菌（9.9×10⁵）。在所研究期间，除沙门氏菌外，未出现疫情暴发。观察到弯曲杆菌占主导是以1至4岁未住院儿童的病例数减少为代价的。
四岁以下，引发这些感染的病菌分布每年都有所不同。了解这些感染的描述性流行病学有助于研究其社会影响，并为深入探讨与这些疾病及可实施的预防方面相关的一些问题提供支持。
