Stein-Zamir C, Shoob H, Abramson N, Zentner G, Agmon V
Jerusalem District Health Office, Ministry of Health, Israel.
Epidemiol Infect. 2009 Nov;137(11):1531-7. doi: 10.1017/S095026880900243X. Epub 2009 Mar 19.
We studied the age-specific population-based incidence of bacterial enteric infections caused by Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter, in Jerusalem. During 1990-2008, 32,408 cases were reported (incidence rate 232.1/100,000 per annum). The patterns of Shigella (47.4% of cases), Salmonella (34.4%) and Campylobacter (18.2%) infections evolved noticeably. Campylobacter rates increased from 15.0 to 110.8/100,000 per annum. Salmonella rates increased from 74.2 to 199.6/100,000 in 1995 then decreased to 39.4/100,000. Shigella showed an endemic/epidemic pattern ranging between 19.7 and 252.8/100,000. Most patients (75%) were aged <15 years; children aged <5 years comprised 56.4% of cases, despite accounting for only 12.9% of the population. Campylobacter was the predominant organism in infants aged <1 year and Shigella in the 1-4 years group. The hospitalization rates were: Shigella, 1.8%; Campylobacter, 2.3%; Salmonella, 6.9%. Infants were 2.2 times more likely to be hospitalized than children aged 1-14 years (P=0.001). Household transmission occurred in 21.2% of Shigella cases compared with 5% in the other bacteria.
我们研究了耶路撒冷地区由志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌引起的特定年龄段细菌性肠道感染的人群发病率。1990年至2008年期间，共报告了32408例病例（发病率为每年232.1/10万）。志贺氏菌（占病例的47.4%）、沙门氏菌（34.4%）和弯曲杆菌（18.2%）感染的模式有明显变化。弯曲杆菌发病率从每年15.0/10万增至110.8/10万。沙门氏菌发病率在1995年从74.2/10万增至199.6/10万，随后降至39.4/10万。志贺氏菌呈现出地方流行/流行模式，发病率在19.7/10万至252.8/10万之间。大多数患者（75%）年龄小于15岁；5岁以下儿童占病例的56.4%，尽管其仅占人口的12.9%。弯曲杆菌是1岁以下婴儿中的主要病原体，而志贺氏菌是1至4岁组中的主要病原体。住院率分别为：志贺氏菌1.8%；弯曲杆菌2.3%；沙门氏菌6.9%。婴儿住院的可能性是1至14岁儿童的2.2倍（P = 0.001）。21.2%的志贺氏菌病例发生了家庭传播，而其他细菌的这一比例为5%。
