Blitvich J D, McElroy G K, Blanksby B A, Parker H E
University of Ballarat, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2003 Sep;6(3):348-54. doi: 10.1016/s1440-2440(03)80029-4.
This short report describes a 20-month follow-up of safe diving skills, extending the 8-month retention period previously published in this journal. Thirty-four recreational swimmers with poor diving skills were evaluated before and immediately after a diving skills intervention program. Twenty-two returned for the eight-month follow-up evaluation and 16 returned 20 months post. As with the earlier study, Treadwater, Deck, Block and Running dives were video-recorded, and maximum depth, distance, velocity, entry angle and flight distance were compared. Underwater hand and arm positions were examined. Pre-intervention, a breaststroke arm action before maximum depth occurred in 18% of all dives and 38% of Treadwater dives. This was eliminated post-intervention, improving head protection. The Treadwater dive elicited the greatest mean maximum depth, and ANOVA showed depth for this entry decreased (improved) following intervention and remained shallower at the eight-month and 20-month post follow-ups. The Block dive also became shallower following intervention while the Deck dive remained unchanged. As seven 10-minute skills sessions resulted in shallower dives with safer hand and arm positions, and these skills were retained over a 600 day non-practice period, it is reliable to consider that the inclusion of safe diving skills in learn-to-swim programs can provide a diving spinal cord injury prevention strategy.
本简短报告描述了对安全潜水技能的20个月随访，扩展了此前在本期刊发表的8个月保留期。对34名潜水技能较差的休闲游泳者在潜水技能干预项目前后进行了评估。22人返回进行8个月的随访评估，16人在20个月后返回。与早期研究一样，对踩水、跳台、团身和跑步式跳水进行了视频记录，并比较了最大深度、距离、速度、入水角度和飞行距离。检查了水下手部和手臂的位置。干预前，在所有跳水中，18%以及在踩水跳水中38%在达到最大深度前出现蛙泳手臂动作。干预后这种情况消除了，改善了头部保护。踩水式跳水产生的平均最大深度最大，方差分析显示该入水方式的深度在干预后降低（得到改善），并在8个月和20个月后的随访中保持较浅。团身式跳水在干预后也变浅了，而跳台式跳水保持不变。由于7次10分钟的技能课程导致跳水变浅且手部和手臂位置更安全，并且这些技能在600天的非练习期内得以保留，可以认为在游泳学习项目中纳入安全潜水技能能够提供一种预防潜水脊髓损伤的策略。
