Hasler Felix, Grimberg Ulrike, Benz Marco A, Huber Theo, Vollenweider Franz X
Heffter Research Center, Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8029 Zürich, Switzerland.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Mar;172(2):145-56. doi: 10.1007/s00213-003-1640-6. Epub 2003 Nov 13.
Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors play an important role in perception, affect regulation and attention. Pharmacological challenge with the 5-HT(2A) agonist psilocybin (PY) is useful in studying the neurobiological basis of cognition and consciousness.
Investigation of dose-dependent effects of PY on psycho(patho)logical and physiological parameters.
Eight subjects received placebo (PL), and 45 ("very low dose, VLD"), 115 ("low dose, LD"), 215 ("medium dose, MD"), and 315 ("high dose, HD") microg/kg body weight PY. The "Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale" (5D-ASC), the "Frankfurt Attention Inventory" (FAIR), and the "Adjective Mood Rating Scale" (AMRS) were used to assess the effects of PY on psycho(patho)logical core dimensions, attention, and mood. A 24-h electrocardiogram (EKG) was recorded and blood pressure was measured. Plasma concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), cortisol (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and standard clinical chemical parameters were determined.
PY dose dependently increased scores of all 5D-ASC core dimensions. Only one subject reacted with transient anxiety to HD PY. Compared with PL, MD and HD PY led to a 50% reduction of performance in the FAIR test. "General inactivation", "emotional excitability", and "dreaminess" were the only domains of the AMRS showing increased scores following MD and HD PY. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was moderately elevated only 60 min following administration of HD PY. Neither EKG nor body temperature was affected by any dose of PY. TSH, ACTH, and CORT plasma levels were elevated during peak effects of HD PY, whereas PRL plasma levels were increased following MD and HD PY.
PY affects core dimensions of altered states of consciousness and physiological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Our study provided no cause for concern that PY is hazardous with respect to somatic health.
血清素（5-羟色胺，5-HT）受体在感知、情感调节和注意力方面发挥着重要作用。用5-HT(2A)激动剂裸盖菇素（PY）进行药理学激发试验，有助于研究认知和意识的神经生物学基础。
研究PY对心理（病理）和生理参数的剂量依赖性影响。
8名受试者接受安慰剂（PL），45名受试者接受1微克/千克体重（“极低剂量，VLD”）、115名受试者接受2微克/千克体重（“低剂量，LD”）、215名受试者接受3微克/千克体重（“中等剂量，MD”）以及315名受试者接受4微克/千克体重（“高剂量，HD”）的PY。使用“意识状态改变评定量表”（5D-ASC）、“法兰克福注意力量表”（FAIR）和“形容词情绪评定量表”（AMRS）来评估PY对心理（病理）核心维度、注意力和情绪的影响。记录24小时心电图（EKG）并测量血压。测定促甲状腺激素（TSH）、催乳素（PRL）、皮质醇（CORT）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）的血浆浓度以及标准临床化学参数。
PY剂量依赖性地增加了所有5D-ASC核心维度的得分。只有一名受试者对高剂量PY产生了短暂焦虑反应。与PL相比，中等剂量和高剂量PY导致FAIR测试中的表现降低了50%。“全身失活”、“情绪兴奋性”和“梦幻感”是AMRS中仅有的在中等剂量和高剂量PY后得分增加的领域。仅在给予高剂量PY后60分钟，平均动脉血压（MAP）适度升高。任何剂量的PY均未影响EKG和体温。在高剂量PY的峰值效应期间，TSH、ACTH和CORT的血浆水平升高，而中等剂量和高剂量PY后PRL的血浆水平升高。
PY以剂量依赖性方式影响意识状态改变的核心维度和生理参数。我们的研究没有理由担心PY对身体健康有害。
