Dockrell D H
Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sheffield, UK.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003 Aug;9(8):766-79. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00669.x.
Fas ligand (FasL) is a type II transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in immune homeostasis by binding to its receptor Fas (CD95) and inducing apoptosis. Fas/FasL dysregulation contributes to infectious disease pathogenesis. Microorganisms may inhibit Fas signal transduction to prolong intracellular survival and prevent killing by immune effector cells. FasL may be upregulated in directly infected cells to enhance killing of responding immune cells and facilitate immune evasion. The host response to infection may aim to induce apoptosis in directly infected cells, but immune cells that target directly infected cells can induce Fas-mediated apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells. FasL also contributes to the generation and regulation of the inflammatory response in infection. The multiple roles of FasL in infectious disease pathogenesis are discussed in the context of viral, bacterial and parasitic infections.
Fas配体（FasL）是一种II型跨膜蛋白，通过与其受体Fas（CD95）结合并诱导细胞凋亡，在免疫稳态中发挥关键作用。Fas/FasL失调会导致传染病发病机制。微生物可能会抑制Fas信号转导，以延长细胞内存活时间并防止被免疫效应细胞杀伤。FasL可能在直接感染的细胞中上调，以增强对反应性免疫细胞的杀伤并促进免疫逃逸。宿主对感染的反应可能旨在诱导直接感染细胞的凋亡，但靶向直接感染细胞的免疫细胞可诱导未感染旁观者细胞发生Fas介导的凋亡。FasL也有助于感染中炎症反应的产生和调节。本文在病毒、细菌和寄生虫感染的背景下讨论了FasL在传染病发病机制中的多种作用。
