Failure to master early developmental tasks as a predictor of adaptation to cancer in the young adult.

The ability of young adults to adapt to living with a cancer diagnosis and to negotiate the healthcare system is influenced by their level of maturity. If adolescent developmental tasks have been unresolved or pathologically resolved, they are likely to be reenacted during the various stages of the malignancy. Retrospective review of case histories that illustrate the diverse ranges of adaptation to life-threatening illness indicates that success or failure in achieving ego autonomy and continuity in adolescence significantly influences the young adult's capacity to cope with the malignancy. Psychosocial assessment of the young adult patient and spouse, with attention to childhood, adolescent, and family history, will assist the oncology nurse in predicting the individual's capacity for adapting to the illness and complying with treatment. This developmental information will allow clinicians to modify interventions to compensate for earlier stage deficits.