Mukanov S M
Parazitologiia. 1978 Jan-Feb;12(1):50-2.
The activity of imago, habitats of preimaginal stages, intensity of the autumn hatching of imago and the initial period of their hibernation were investigated in summer-autumn of 1975 in the Kalmyk ASSR. The activity of winged insects in September was rather high, decreased in mid-October and ceased virtually by the beginning of November. The pupation and emergence of midges take place up to the second decade of October. IIId and IVth -instar larvae hibernate.