Levin Jeff
Altern Ther Health Med. 2003 Nov-Dec;9(6):48-57.
This article provides an overview of both empirical research and conceptual and theoretical approaches bearing on the connection between spirituality and health. Special emphasis is placed on key epidemiologic concepts that are typically overlooked or misinterpreted in discussions of religious and spiritual factors in health and healing. These include the natural history of disease, the epidemiologic triangle, the levels of prevention, risk factors, protection, salutogenesis, and host resistance. After reviewing research evidence of both a protective factor for health and therapeutic factor in healing attributed to religiousness, faith, or spirituality, a typology is proposed which classifies potentially salutogenic mechanisms underlying such effects. This model differentiates among biological, psychosocial, bioenergy-based, nonlocal, and supernatural pathways. Finally, the clinical and scientific implications of this work is described.
本文概述了与灵性和健康之间联系相关的实证研究以及概念性和理论性方法。特别强调了在健康与治愈方面宗教和灵性因素的讨论中通常被忽视或误解的关键流行病学概念。这些概念包括疾病的自然史、流行病学三角、预防水平、风险因素、保护、健康生成以及宿主抵抗力。在回顾了归因于宗教信仰、信念或灵性的对健康的保护因素和治愈中的治疗因素的研究证据之后，提出了一种类型学，对这些效应背后潜在的健康生成机制进行分类。该模型区分了生物、心理社会、基于生物能量、非局部和超自然途径。最后，描述了这项工作的临床和科学意义。
