Braedel H U, Steffens J, Ziegler M
Urologische Universitätsklinik Homburg/Saar.
Urologe A. 1992 Nov;31(6):368-73.
Phlebograms for sclerotherapy of varicoceles were performed in 659 patients. In 484 cases no valves of the left spermatic vein could be demonstrated. However, 172 patients showed sufficient valves or absent insertions of the spermatic veins at typical point with retrograde flow through collaterals (persistent intercardinal anastomoses). The value of nutcracker phenomena I and II is discussed. Ontogenetic disorders in the development of the secondary abdominal venous system are responsible for the occurrence of the idiopathic left-sided varicocele.
对659例患者进行了精索静脉曲张硬化治疗的静脉造影。在484例病例中，未发现左精索静脉瓣膜。然而，172例患者在典型部位显示有足够的瓣膜或精索静脉无插入，伴有通过侧支（持续的主间吻合）的逆流。讨论了胡桃夹现象I和II的价值。继发性腹部静脉系统发育中的个体发生障碍是特发性左侧精索静脉曲张发生的原因。
