Kiang Karen M, Krathwohl Mitchell D
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Lab Clin Med. 2003 Oct;142(4):229-38. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2143(03)00147-1.
In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.
1980年，世界卫生组织宣布天花已在全球范围内根除；最后一例已知的自然病例于1977年在索马里出现，美国于1972年停止对其公民进行常规接种。然而，随着对国内外恐怖主义的担忧日益增加，天花再次成为对全球健康的潜在威胁。我们回顾了天花的直接和间接传播方式，以及传播模式如何因流行疾病的严重程度、疫苗接种状况、环境和社会经济因素以及疫情发生的环境而有很大差异。我们研究了控制疾病爆发以及在爆发时防止进一步传播的机制，重点是天花疫苗接种。
