Sági E
Orvostort Kozl. 2000;45(1-4):77-84.
The present paper, summarizing the results of original archival researches, gives a survey on the beginnings of the pharmaceutical education in Hungary at the end of the 18th century. While analysing the documents the author calls our attention to some stubborn errors and mistakes of the former historical literature as well. The paper-based on the data of the promotional book-presents a list including names, nationality and religion of those 170 students of pharmacy, who completed their studies during the first 20 years of pharmaceutical education in Hungary. Comparing the dates of tirocinial and those of university examinations respectively, the author proves that sometimes even 40 or 59 years old, respected pharmacists were forced to take their exams at the university. Having made a comparison between the register of students and that of promotions the author concludes that until 1788 the studies took three months or a year only in theory, for candidates actually did not attend university courses at all. In the case when one failed, a short preparation for a make-up exam was also available. Data prove, that the requirements of the royal decree, a centrally made regulation, called Normativum Sanitatis - in spite of the difficulties caused e.g. by the lack of handbooks - could be more or less responded. (The circumstances of the courses are going to be analysed in a further paper.)
本文总结了原始档案研究的结果,对18世纪末匈牙利药学教育的开端进行了概述。在分析这些文件时,作者还提请我们注意以往历史文献中的一些顽固错误。本文基于招生简章的数据,列出了170名药学专业学生的名单,包括他们的姓名、国籍和宗教信仰,这些学生在匈牙利药学教育的头20年完成了学业。通过分别比较实习和大学考试的日期,作者证明,有时甚至是40岁或59岁受人尊敬的药剂师也被迫在大学参加考试。通过比较学生注册记录和晋升记录,作者得出结论,直到1788年,理论上学习只需要三个月或一年时间,因为考生实际上根本没有参加大学课程。如果有人不及格,也可以为补考做短期准备。数据证明,尽管存在如缺乏手册等困难,中央制定的皇家法令“健康规范”的要求或多或少能够得到满足。(课程情况将在另一篇论文中分析。)