Silvers Janelle M, Tokunaga Sayaka, Berry Raymond B, White Aaron M, Matthews Douglas B
Department of Psychology, Campus Box 526400, The University of Memphis, Memphis TN 38152, USA.
Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2003 Dec;43(3):275-84. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2003.09.002.
Acute ethanol administration impairs performance in many cognitive tasks that are dependent on hippocampal function. For example, acute ethanol administration produces dose-dependent impairments in spatial learning. Ethanol also decreases the spatial specificity of hippocampal place cells. Such findings raise the possibility that ethanol affects learning and memory by altering, either directly or indirectly, neuronal activity in the hippocampus and related structures. Acute ethanol administration induces a dose- and time-dependent increase in brain concentration of the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone. Allopregnanolone is a potent GABAA receptor agonist and produces effects similar to the effects produced by ethanol. Blockade of de novo biosynthesis of allopregnanolone alters many of ethanol's effects including ethanol-induced suppression of spontaneous activity in medial septum/diagonal band of Broca neurons and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. These findings suggest that ethanol-induced increases in allopregnanolone levels might play a central role in the effects of acute ethanol on cognitive processing and hippocampal function. The impact of ethanol on spatial cognitive processing and hippocampal function will be reviewed. In addition, the possibility that ethanol-induced changes in neuroactive steroid levels contribute to the impact of ethanol on spatial learning and hippocampal function will be explored.
急性给予乙醇会损害许多依赖海马体功能的认知任务的表现。例如，急性给予乙醇会在空间学习方面产生剂量依赖性损害。乙醇还会降低海马体位置细胞的空间特异性。这些发现增加了乙醇通过直接或间接改变海马体及相关结构中的神经元活动来影响学习和记忆的可能性。急性给予乙醇会导致神经活性类固醇别孕烯醇酮在大脑中的浓度呈剂量和时间依赖性增加。别孕烯醇酮是一种有效的GABAA受体激动剂，其产生的效应与乙醇产生的效应相似。阻断别孕烯醇酮的从头生物合成会改变乙醇的许多效应，包括乙醇诱导的对内侧隔区/布罗卡斜角带神经元和海马体锥体细胞自发活动的抑制。这些发现表明，乙醇诱导的别孕烯醇酮水平升高可能在急性乙醇对认知加工和海马体功能的影响中起核心作用。本文将综述乙醇对空间认知加工和海马体功能的影响。此外，还将探讨乙醇诱导的神经活性类固醇水平变化有助于乙醇对空间学习和海马体功能产生影响的可能性。
