Johnston M V, Keith R A, Hinderer S R
Task Force on Measurement and Evaluation, American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, Skokie, IL.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Dec;73(12-S):S3-23.
Rehabilitation must address problems inherent in the measurement of human function and health-related quality of life, as well as problems in diagnosis and measurement of impairment. This educational document presents an initial set of standards to be used as guidelines for development and use of measurement and evaluation procedures and instruments for interdisciplinary, health-related rehabilitation. Part I covers general measurement principles and technical standards, beginning with validity, the central consideration for use of measures. Subsequent sections focus on reliability and errors of measurement, norms and scaling, development of measures, and technical manuals and guides. Part II covers principles and standards for use of measures. General principles of application of measures in practice are discussed first, followed by standards to protect persons being measured and then by standards for administrative applications. Many explanations, examples, and references are provided to help professionals understand measurement principles. Improved measurement will ensure the basis of rehabilitation as a science and nourish its success as a clinical service.
康复必须解决人类功能及健康相关生活质量测量中固有的问题，以及损伤诊断与测量方面的问题。本教育文件提出了一套初步标准，用作制定和使用跨学科、健康相关康复测量与评估程序及工具的指导方针。第一部分涵盖一般测量原则和技术标准，从效度开始，这是测量工具使用的核心考量因素。后续章节重点关注信度与测量误差、常模与量表、测量工具的开发以及技术手册和指南。第二部分涵盖测量工具使用的原则和标准。首先讨论测量工具在实践中的一般应用原则，接着是保护被测者的标准，然后是行政应用标准。文中提供了许多解释、示例和参考文献，以帮助专业人员理解测量原则。改进测量将确保康复作为一门科学的基础，并促进其作为临床服务的成功。
