Engelkamp Johannes, Jahn Petra, Seiler Kerstin H
FR Psychologie, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2003 Nov;67(4):280-90. doi: 10.1007/s00426-002-0118-1. Epub 2003 Feb 25.
According to the item-order approach of free recall, in pure short lists the free recall of unrelated items is organized according to their order of presentation in the study list. The approach was applied in the present study to experimenter-performed tasks (EPTs) and subject-performed tasks (SPTs). It claims that EPTs provide better serial order information than SPTs. Consequently, free recall of EPTs should be more organized along the presentation order of the items than the free recall of SPTs. In three experiments, some specific aspects of this approach were studied. Firstly, it was demonstrated that serial retrieval is not strongly used spontaneously and that its use is overestimated in the literature because it is usually evoked by an order reconstruction test which follows free recall testing. Secondly, a serial retrieval strategy in free recall can be encouraged by explicit instructions. Finally, the present experiments showed that a serial output strategy alone does not allow one to predict performance in free recall. The implications of these findings for the item-order approach will be discussed.
根据自由回忆的项目顺序法，在纯粹的短列表中，无关项目的自由回忆是按照它们在学习列表中的呈现顺序来组织的。该方法在本研究中应用于实验者执行任务（EPT）和被试执行任务（SPT）。它声称EPT比SPT能提供更好的序列顺序信息。因此，EPT的自由回忆应该比SPT的自由回忆更按照项目的呈现顺序来组织。在三个实验中，对该方法的一些具体方面进行了研究。首先，证明了序列检索并非自发地被大量使用，并且在文献中其使用被高估了，因为它通常是由自由回忆测试之后的顺序重建测试所引发的。其次，明确的指令可以鼓励在自由回忆中采用序列检索策略。最后，本实验表明，仅靠序列输出策略无法预测自由回忆中的表现。将讨论这些发现对项目顺序法的影响。
