Quinlan Philip T, Roodenrys Steven, Miller Leonie M
Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK.
University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Mem Cognit. 2017 Oct;45(7):1126-1143. doi: 10.3758/s13421-017-0719-y.
We carried out a series of experiments on verbal short-term memory for lists of words. In the first experiment, participants were tested via immediate serial recall, and word frequency and list set size were manipulated. With closed lists, the same set of items was repeatedly sampled, and with open lists, no item was presented more than once. In serial recall, effects of word frequency and set size were found. When a serial reconstruction-of-order task was used, in a second experiment, robust effects of word frequency emerged, but set size failed to show an effect. The effects of word frequency in order reconstruction were further examined in two final experiments. The data from these experiments revealed that the effects of word frequency are robust and apparently are not exclusively indicative of output processes. In light of these findings, we propose a multiple-mechanisms account in which word frequency can influence both retrieval and preretrieval processes.
我们针对单词列表的言语短期记忆进行了一系列实验。在第一个实验中，通过即时系列回忆对参与者进行测试，并对单词频率和列表集大小进行了操控。对于封闭列表，重复抽取同一组项目，而对于开放列表，任何项目都不会出现超过一次。在系列回忆中，发现了单词频率和集大小的影响。在第二个实验中，当使用顺序重建的系列任务时，出现了强大的单词频率效应，但集大小未显示出效应。在最后两个实验中进一步研究了单词频率在顺序重建中的效应。这些实验的数据表明，单词频率的效应很强，显然并非仅仅指示输出过程。鉴于这些发现，我们提出了一种多机制解释，其中单词频率可以影响检索和检索前的过程。
