Chitty Lyn S, Altman Douglas G
Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Prenat Diagn. 2003 Nov;23(11):891-7. doi: 10.1002/pd.693.
To construct new size charts for fetal kidney measurements and to define normal limits for renal pelvic antero-posterior diameter.
A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in the ultrasound department of a large hospital. Six hundred and sixty-three fetuses were scanned only once for the purpose of the study at gestations between 14 and 42 weeks. Centiles for kidney dimensions were estimated by combining separate fractional polynomial regression models fitted to the mean and standard deviation, assuming that the measurements have a normal distribution at each gestational age. Centiles for renal pelvic diameter were obtained using quantile regression.
Size charts for fetal kidney dimensions [antero-posterior (AP), transverse, length and volume] and renal pelvis diameter are presented and compared with previously published data.
We present new size charts for fetal kidney size that take into consideration the increasing variability with gestational age. These data should aid the prenatal diagnosis of renal pathology by defining renal size and the upper limits of normal pelvic dilatation. They may be particularly useful in the third trimester where there is limited data available. Our data confirm that it is reasonable to use an upper limit of 7 mm for the AP diameter in late pregnancy.
构建胎儿肾脏测量的新尺寸图表，并确定肾盂前后径的正常范围。
在一家大型医院的超声科进行了一项前瞻性横断面研究。为了本研究目的，对663例妊娠14至42周的胎儿仅进行了一次扫描。通过结合分别拟合均值和标准差的分数多项式回归模型来估计肾脏尺寸的百分位数，假设每个孕周的测量值呈正态分布。使用分位数回归获得肾盂直径的百分位数。
给出了胎儿肾脏尺寸[前后径（AP）、横径、长度和体积]及肾盂直径的尺寸图表，并与先前发表的数据进行了比较。
我们给出了考虑到孕周增加变异性的胎儿肾脏尺寸新图表。这些数据通过定义肾脏大小和正常肾盂扩张上限，应有助于肾脏病变的产前诊断。它们在孕晚期可用数据有限时可能特别有用。我们的数据证实，妊娠晚期AP直径上限使用7 mm是合理的。
