Simpson Alexander I F, Brinded Philip M, Fairley Nigel, Laidlaw Tannis M, Malcolm Fiona
Academic Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2003 Dec;37(6):728-34. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2003.01260.x.
The National Study on Psychiatric Morbidity in New Zealand Prisons identified undiagnosed mental illness and unmet treatment needs for mentally disordered offenders. As approximately 50% of prisoners are of Maori and 8.3% Pacific Island ethnicity, we analyzed the data to determine if there were any differences in the rates of major mental disorders between ethnic groups.
A census of all female prisoners, all remand male prisoners and an 18% random sample of the sentenced male prisoners were interviewed employing the diagnostic interview for mental illness (CIDI-A), screening diagnostic interview for relevant personality disorders (PDQ) and suicide screening questions. Self-identified ethnicity was recorded. Ethnic groups were compared for sociodemographic variables, morbidity for mental disorder, treatment experience and suicidality.
The ethnic groups were largely similar in age and current prevalence for mental disorders, although there was some evidence of differing sociodemographic factors, especially younger age among the Maori prisoners. Maori report fewer suicidal thoughts, but acted suicidally at the same rate as non-Maori. Treatment for mental disorder was less common among Maori and Pacific Island prisoners than others, both in prison and in the community.
Criminogenic factors present in the developmental histories of prisoners might also increase the risk of mental disorders. Ethnic groups were not different in the rate at which they manifest mental disorders in the face of such factors. Younger prisoners were disproportionately more likely to be of Maori or Pacific Island ethnicity. Both prior to and after entry to prison, services must improve responsiveness to Maori and Pacific Island people.
新西兰监狱精神病发病率全国性研究发现，患有精神疾病的罪犯存在未被诊断的精神疾病以及未得到满足的治疗需求。由于大约50%的囚犯是毛利人，8.3%是太平洋岛民，我们分析了数据，以确定不同种族群体中主要精神障碍的发病率是否存在差异。
对所有女性囚犯、所有还押男性囚犯以及18%被判刑男性囚犯的随机样本进行访谈，采用精神疾病诊断访谈（CIDI-A）、相关人格障碍筛查诊断访谈（PDQ）和自杀筛查问题。记录自我认定的种族。比较不同种族群体的社会人口统计学变量、精神障碍发病率、治疗经历和自杀倾向。
不同种族群体在年龄和精神障碍当前患病率方面大体相似，不过有证据表明社会人口统计学因素存在差异，尤其是毛利囚犯年龄更小。毛利人报告的自杀念头较少，但自杀行为发生率与非毛利人相同。在监狱和社区中，毛利和太平洋岛民囚犯接受精神障碍治疗的情况比其他人少。
囚犯成长经历中存在的犯罪成因因素可能也会增加患精神障碍的风险。面对这些因素，不同种族群体表现出精神障碍的发病率并无差异。年轻囚犯中毛利或太平洋岛民种族的比例过高。在入狱前后，服务机构都必须提高对毛利人和太平洋岛民的响应能力。
