Abi-Dargham Anissa, Kegeles Lawrence S, Martinez Diana, Innis Robert B, Laruelle Marc
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003 Dec;13(6):459-68. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2003.08.007.
A positive experience during a first encounter with a drug of abuse is predictive of subsequent use and might represent a vulnerability factor to develop addiction. This paper presents a meta-analysis of data acquired in 60 healthy volunteers who underwent a low-dose amphetamine challenge (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) during imaging of dopamine D2 receptor availability with SPECT and the D2/D3 radiotracer [123I]IBZM. Amphetamine-stimulated DA release induced a small, significant and highly variable decrease in striatal D2 receptor availability (-8.3 +/- 6.7%). The magnitude of the decrease in D2 receptor availability was significantly associated with the positive reinforcing effects of the drug reported by the subject (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.003). Age was associated with decreased potency of dopamine to elicit positive reinforcing effects. This study indicates that both a large dopaminergic response and young age during a first encounter with a drug of abuse potential contribute to higher positive reinforcing effects.
首次接触滥用药物时的积极体验可预测后续使用情况，且可能是成瘾的一个易感性因素。本文对60名健康志愿者的数据进行了荟萃分析，这些志愿者在使用单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）和D2/D3放射性示踪剂[123I]碘苄胍对多巴胺D2受体可用性进行成像期间，接受了低剂量苯丙胺激发试验（0.3毫克/千克，静脉注射）。苯丙胺刺激引起的多巴胺释放导致纹状体D2受体可用性出现小幅度、显著且高度可变的下降（-8.3±6.7%）。D2受体可用性下降的幅度与受试者报告的药物阳性强化效应显著相关（r2 = 0.14，p = 0.003）。年龄与多巴胺引发阳性强化效应的效力降低有关。这项研究表明，首次接触具有滥用潜力的药物时，较大的多巴胺能反应和年轻都可能导致更高的阳性强化效应。
