Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Jan 1;206:107725. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107725. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
Drug addiction and dependence continue as an unresolved source of morbidity and mortality. Two approaches to identifying risk for abuse and addiction are psychopharmacological challenge studies and neuroimaging experiments. The present study combined these two approaches by examining associations between self-reported euphoria or liking after a dose of d-amphetamine and neural-based responses to anticipation of a monetary reward.
Healthy young adults (N = 73) aged 19 and 26, without any history of alcohol/substance dependence completed four laboratory sessions in which they received oral d-amphetamine (20 mg) or placebo, and completed drug effect questionnaires. On a separate session they underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while they completed a monetary incentive delay task. During the task, we recorded neural signal related to anticipation of winning $5 or $1.50 compared to winning no money (WinMoney-WinZero), in reward related regions.
Liking of amphetamine during the drug sessions was related to differences in activation during the WinMoney-WinZero conditions - in the amygdala (positive), insula (negative) and caudate (negative). In posthoc analyses, liking of amphetamine was also positively correlated with activation of the amygdala during anticipation of large rewards and negatively related to activation of the left insula to both small and large anticipated rewards.
These findings suggest that individual differences in key regions of the reward network are related to rewarding subjective effects of a stimulant drug. To further clarify these relationships, future pharmacofMRI studies could probe the influence of amphetamine at the neural level during reward anticipation.
药物成瘾和依赖仍是发病率和死亡率未解决的根源。鉴定滥用和成瘾风险的两种方法是精神药理学挑战研究和神经影像学实验。本研究通过检查单次剂量 d-苯丙胺给药后自我报告的欣快或喜欢程度与对金钱奖励预期的神经基础反应之间的关联，将这两种方法结合起来。
年龄在 19 至 26 岁之间、无酒精/物质依赖史的健康年轻成年人（N=73）完成了四项实验室任务，他们在这些任务中接受了口服 d-苯丙胺（20mg）或安慰剂，并完成了药物效果问卷。在另一个单独的会议上，他们在进行功能磁共振成像扫描的同时完成了一项金钱奖励延迟任务。在任务期间，我们记录了与赢得 5 美元或 1.50 美元（赢钱-零）相比赢得无钱（赢钱-零）相比预期相关的奖励相关区域中的神经信号。
药物治疗期间对安非他命的喜欢程度与 WinMoney-WinZero 条件下的激活差异有关 - 在杏仁核（阳性）、岛叶（阴性）和尾状核（阴性）。在事后分析中，对安非他命的喜欢程度也与杏仁核在预期大奖励时的激活呈正相关，与左岛叶在预期小和大奖励时的激活呈负相关。
这些发现表明，奖励网络关键区域的个体差异与兴奋剂药物的令人愉悦的主观效应有关。为了进一步阐明这些关系，未来的药理学 fMRI 研究可以在奖励预期期间探测安非他命对神经水平的影响。
