Macht Michael, Gerer Jutta, Ellgring Heiner
Institute for Psychology (I), University of Würzburg, Marcusstrasse 9-11, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany.
Physiol Behav. 2003 Nov;80(2-3):367-74. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.08.012.
Immediate effects of low-, medium-, and high-energy foods on the emotional state of normal-weight and overweight women were studied experimentally. Nineteen normal-weight (body mass index [BMI]: 19-25 kg/m2) and 19 overweight women (BMI: 26-40 kg/m2) aged 18-40 years received samples of food that differed in energy content (low vs. medium vs. high energy) and rated their emotional state immediately after eating. Perceived characteristics of the foods and associations elicited by the foods were also obtained. Negative emotions (anger, fear, shame, and sadness) and sleepiness increased, while happiness decreased with energy of foods. Emotionally negative associations were more frequent, while positive emotions were less frequent the higher the energy content of the foods. Sadness, shame, fear, and sleepiness after eating high-energy food tended to be more intense in overweight women. Additional analyses demonstrated influences of eating habits, e.g., disinhibition. The higher the energy content of a food stimulus, the more it was viewed as "unhealthy" and "dangerous." It is suggested that immediate food-induced changes of emotions can be explained by activation of associative emotion networks.
通过实验研究了低能量、中等能量和高能量食物对正常体重和超重女性情绪状态的即时影响。19名年龄在18至40岁之间的正常体重女性（体重指数[BMI]：19 - 25kg/m²）和19名超重女性（BMI：26 - 40kg/m²）分别食用了能量含量不同的食物样本（低能量、中等能量和高能量），并在进食后立即对自己的情绪状态进行评分。同时还获取了她们对食物的感知特征以及由食物引发的联想。随着食物能量的增加，负面情绪（愤怒、恐惧、羞耻和悲伤）以及困倦感增加，而幸福感降低。食物的能量含量越高，情绪上的负面联想越频繁，而积极情绪则越少。超重女性食用高能量食物后的悲伤、羞耻、恐惧和困倦感往往更强烈。进一步分析表明饮食习惯（如饮食无节制）也会产生影响。食物刺激的能量含量越高，人们就越认为它“不健康”和“危险”。研究表明，食物引起的即时情绪变化可以通过联想情绪网络的激活来解释。
