Tubiana M
Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 1992 Jun;176(6):859-65; discussion 865-6.
The first attempts to use immunotherapy in patients were made in the late sixties. At this time great hopes were raised by the theory of immunosurveillance developed by Burnet and the promising results obtained against transplantable tumors in mice. However, these expectations were not fulfilled and the results of most randomized clinical trials were disappointing. Since 1985, a better understanding of the fundamental bases of tumor immunology and the results of new human studies has led to a reappraisal of immunotherapy. The data which have accumulated since demonstrate that in certain types of tumors immunotherapy can, in a small proportion of patients, control even disseminated cancers. These new developments give a renewed interest to the results which had been obtained with immunomodulators such as poly A-poly U or levamisole in the adjuvant setting.
在患者中首次尝试使用免疫疗法是在60年代后期。当时，伯内特提出的免疫监视理论以及在小鼠可移植肿瘤实验中取得的有前景的结果，燃起了人们极大的希望。然而，这些期望并未实现，大多数随机临床试验的结果令人失望。自1985年以来，对肿瘤免疫学基本原理的更好理解以及新的人体研究结果，促使人们对免疫疗法进行重新评估。此后积累的数据表明，在某些类型的肿瘤中，免疫疗法在一小部分患者中甚至可以控制播散性癌症。这些新进展使人们重新关注在辅助治疗中使用免疫调节剂（如聚A-聚U或左旋咪唑）所取得的结果。
