Kalkan Sule, Cevik Arif Alper, Cavdar Caner, Aygoren Oguz, Akgun Aylin, Ergun Nurdan, Tuncok Yesim
Department of Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 2003 Dec;45(6):334-7.
The demographics, sources and outcomes of methanol poisoning have not been described in Turkey. Our study identified the profile of acute methanol exposures reported to Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC) in Izmir, Turkey, from 1993 to 2002. Data analysis included patient demographics, sources of methanol, reason for the exposure, clinical effects and outcomes of methanol poisoning. The DPIC recorded 30,485 calls concerning poisoning; 996 (3.3%) alcohol poisonings were recorded and 113 (11.3%) of them were methanol poisonings. There were 91 (80.5%) males and 22 (19.5%) females with a mean age of 34.7+/-1.3 y (range 19-65) and 4.8+/-0.9 y (range 1-18) in adults and children, respectively. The sources of methanol were eu de cologne (72.6%), spirits (10.6%) and antifreeze (2.7%). Accidental poisoning occurred in all children between 0 and 12 y old, abuse (55.7%) and intentional poisoning (27.3%) were predominant in adults. Clinical signs in all cases were central nervous system symptoms (45.1%), metabolic acidosis (23.0%), visual symptoms (21.2%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (10.6%). Sixteen patients (14.1%) died, 63 (55.8%) had complete recovery and 1 (0.9%) had irreversible visual problems. Most patients with methanol poisoning may die or present serious morbidity without appropriate treatment in a health care facility. Methanol for producing cheap "eu de colognes" in Turkey is the principal reason for severe poisoning and deaths. Public education about colognes and legislative control of cologne production are important in preventing methanol poisoning.
在土耳其，甲醇中毒的人口统计学特征、来源及后果尚未得到描述。我们的研究确定了1993年至2002年期间向土耳其伊兹密尔药物与中毒信息中心（DPIC）报告的急性甲醇暴露情况。数据分析包括患者的人口统计学特征、甲醇来源、暴露原因、甲醇中毒的临床效应及后果。DPIC记录了30485次中毒相关电话；其中记录了996次（3.3%）酒精中毒，其中113次（11.3%）为甲醇中毒。成年患者有91名（80.5%）男性和22名（19.5%）女性，平均年龄为34.7±1.3岁（范围19 - 65岁），儿童患者平均年龄为4.8±0.9岁（范围1 - 18岁）。甲醇来源为古龙水（72.6%）、烈酒（10.6%）和防冻液（2.7%）。所有0至12岁儿童均为意外中毒，成人中滥用（55.7%）和故意中毒（27.3%）占主导。所有病例的临床症状包括中枢神经系统症状（45.1%）、代谢性酸中毒（23.0%）、视觉症状（21.2%）和胃肠道症状（10.6%）。16名患者（14.1%）死亡，63名（55.8%）完全康复，1名（0.9%）有不可逆的视觉问题。大多数甲醇中毒患者若在医疗机构未得到适当治疗可能死亡或出现严重并发症。在土耳其，用于生产廉价“古龙水”的甲醇是严重中毒和死亡的主要原因。开展关于古龙水的公众教育以及对古龙水生产进行立法控制对于预防甲醇中毒很重要。
