GUI programs for processing individual images in early stages of helical image reconstruction--for high-resolution structure analysis.

A set of programs equipped with graphical user interface has been developed for processing individual images in early stages of the three-dimensional helical image reconstruction procedure. These programs can be used for initial screening of suitable image area, straightening the object image, determination of box parameters including the repeat distance, determination of the out-of-plane tilt and initial editing of the layer-line data. These tasks are difficult to automate and therefore very time-consuming. The programs, developed by adopting the concept of the layer-line indexing [Ultramicroscopy 84 (2000) 1-14], are effective for processing many images of filamentous molecular assemblies and especially tubular crystals having various helical classes. Using these programs, higher-resolution signals can be extracted more reliably and quickly, and the time required for processing each image can be reduced to 1/2-1/10. Here also presented is an overview on helical image reconstruction for high-resolution structure analysis.