Lane Scott D, Cherek Don R, Pietras Cynthia J, Tcheremissine Oleg V
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, 1300 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Feb;172(1):68-77. doi: 10.1007/s00213-003-1628-2. Epub 2003 Nov 25.
Despite a well-established relationship between alcohol and risky behavior in the natural environment, laboratory investigations have not reliably shown acute alcohol effects on human risk-taking.
The present study was designed to demonstrate a dose-response relationship between acute alcohol administration and human risk taking. Further, this investigation sought to delineate behavioral mechanisms that may be involved in alcohol-induced changes in the probability of risky behavior.
Using a laboratory measure of risk taking designed to address acute drug effects, 16 adults were administered placebo, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/kg alcohol in a within-subject repeated measures experimental design. The risk-taking task presented subjects with a choice between two response options operationally defined as risky and non-risky. Data analyses examined: breath alcohol level (BAL), subjective effects, response rates, distribution of choices between the risky and non-risky option, and trial-by-trial probabilities of making losing and winning risky responses.
The alcohol administration produced the expected changes in BAL, subjective effects, and response rate. Alcohol dose-dependently increased selection of the risky response option, and at the 0.8 g/kg dose, increased the probability of making consecutive losing risky responses following a gain on the risky response option.
Acute alcohol administration can produce measurable changes in human risk-taking under laboratory conditions. Shifts in trial-by-trial response probabilities suggest insensitivity to past rewards and more recent losses when intoxicated, an outcome consistent with previous studies. This shift in sensitivity to consequences is a possible mechanism in alcohol-induced changes in risk taking.
尽管在自然环境中酒精与危险行为之间的关系已得到充分证实，但实验室研究并未可靠地显示出急性酒精对人类冒险行为的影响。
本研究旨在证明急性酒精摄入与人类冒险行为之间的剂量反应关系。此外，本调查试图阐明可能参与酒精诱导的危险行为概率变化的行为机制。
采用一种旨在解决急性药物效应的实验室冒险行为测量方法，对16名成年人进行了安慰剂、0.2、0.4和0.8 g/kg酒精的受试者内重复测量实验设计。冒险任务为受试者提供了两种反应选项之间的选择，这两种选项在操作上被定义为有风险和无风险。数据分析检查了：呼气酒精浓度（BAL）、主观效应、反应率、有风险和无风险选项之间的选择分布，以及做出输和赢的有风险反应的逐次试验概率。
酒精摄入导致了BAL、主观效应和反应率的预期变化。酒精剂量依赖性地增加了对有风险反应选项的选择，并且在0.8 g/kg剂量下，增加了在有风险反应选项上获得收益后连续做出输的有风险反应的概率。
在实验室条件下，急性酒精摄入可导致人类冒险行为发生可测量的变化。逐次试验反应概率的变化表明，醉酒时对过去的奖励和最近的损失不敏感，这一结果与先前的研究一致。这种对后果敏感性的变化是酒精诱导冒险行为变化的一种可能机制。
