Lane S D, Cherek D R
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center - Houston, 1300 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 Aug 1;60(2):179-87. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00155-6.
Antisocial behavior often involves frequent risk-taking, e.g. excessive substance use and criminality, which may lead to destructive consequences. In the present study, adults with a history of high-risk behavior (primarily drug dependence and conduct disorder) and matched controls worked on a novel laboratory task designed to measure risk-taking. The contingencies of the task were such that choosing a 'risky' response option resulted in a net loss of monetary earnings compared to a safer, more conservative response alternative. The risky option offered a low probability of a large monetary reward or a high probability of a smaller monetary loss. The non-risky option protected current earnings. High-risk history subjects chose the risky option more often, had lower overall earnings, and were more likely to persist in making (losing) risky responses following a single gain on the risky option. The data support theories of maladaptive behavior focused on hypersensitivity to reward and insensitivity to aversive events.
反社会行为通常涉及频繁的冒险行为，例如过度使用药物和犯罪，这可能会导致毁灭性后果。在本研究中，有高风险行为史（主要是药物依赖和品行障碍）的成年人及匹配的对照组参与了一项旨在测量冒险行为的新型实验室任务。该任务的条件是，与更安全、更保守的反应选项相比，选择“冒险”反应选项会导致货币收益的净损失。冒险选项提供了获得大额金钱奖励的低概率或遭受较小金钱损失的高概率。非冒险选项则能保护当前收益。有高风险行为史的受试者更频繁地选择冒险选项，总体收益更低，并且在冒险选项上单次获利后更有可能持续做出（导致损失的）冒险反应。这些数据支持了关注对奖励过度敏感和对厌恶事件不敏感的适应不良行为理论。
