Ostendorf B, Schneider M
Klinik für Nephrologie und Rheumatologie, Rheumazentrum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Z Rheumatol. 2003;62(Suppl 2):II37-40. doi: 10.1007/s00393-003-1211-6.
Imaging procedures, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have broadened the diagnostic spectrum by "visualization" of pathomorphologic changes in rheumatic diseases. The advantages of these techniques are sectional imaging and three dimensional illustration, which enhance the exact detection of inflammatory soft tissue alterations and the sensitive and early detection of bony changes. Most current techniques and methods such as mini arthroscopy, color and power Doppler ultrasonography and positron emission tomography (PET) complete the set of diagnostic tools for rheumatologists, when other diagnostics reach their limits. Doppler ultrasonography and PET detect and assess inflammatory changes of systemic diseases locally and on the whole, which were not visible by standard diagnostic procedures. Mini arthroscopy furnishes, besides the direct evaluation of the joint, access to the pathomorphologic substrate itself with the opportunity of tissue sampling and further molecular biological analysis. These new diagnostic techniques open a widespread goal for rheumatologists in terms of etiopathogenesis, early diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
超声和磁共振成像等影像学检查方法，通过“可视化”风湿性疾病的病理形态学改变，拓宽了诊断范围。这些技术的优点是断层成像和三维显示，可提高对炎症性软组织改变的精确检测以及对骨质改变的敏感和早期检测。当其他诊断方法达到其极限时，目前大多数技术和方法，如微型关节镜检查、彩色和能量多普勒超声以及正电子发射断层扫描（PET），完善了风湿病学家的诊断工具。多普勒超声和PET可局部和整体检测及评估全身性疾病的炎症变化，而这些变化通过标准诊断程序是无法看到的。微型关节镜检查除了能直接评估关节外，还能获取病理形态学基质本身，并可进行组织采样和进一步的分子生物学分析。这些新的诊断技术在炎症性风湿性疾病的病因发病机制、早期诊断和监测方面为风湿病学家开辟了广阔的前景。
