Delaunay J
Biomedicine. 1977 Dec;26(6):357-61.
Red blood cell plasma membranes contain a number of enzymes: ATPases, anion transport protein, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, protein kinases, adenylate cyclase, acetylcholinesterase. Most of them are tightly bound to the membrane and are present in small amounts. As a result, structural characterization of erythrocyte membrane enzymes has not yet been successful. Functional studies have, however, yielded a great deal of information. ATPases allow active transport of cations (calcium, sodium, potassium). Anion transport protein controls movements of chloride and phosphate ions, and of glucose and water. Among glycolytic enzymes: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is partially bound to the membrane. Protein kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of several membrane proteins, one of which (spectrin) is involved in red blood cell mechanical properties. The physiological role of adenylate cyclase is unknown. Acetylcholinesterase is an ectoenzyme. Calcium-dependent ATPase, adenylate cyclase and phosphorylation of erythrocyte membrane proteins have been found abnormal in various conditions: hereditary spherocytosis, sickle-cell anemia, progressive muscular dystrophies, all of these disorders being associated with a decreased deformability of the erythrocyte.
ATP酶、阴离子转运蛋白、甘油醛3 - 磷酸脱氢酶、蛋白激酶、腺苷酸环化酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶。它们中的大多数与膜紧密结合且含量很少。因此，红细胞膜酶的结构表征尚未成功。然而，功能研究已经获得了大量信息。ATP酶允许阳离子（钙、钠、钾）的主动运输。阴离子转运蛋白控制氯离子、磷酸根离子以及葡萄糖和水的转运。在糖酵解酶中：甘油醛3 - 磷酸脱氢酶部分结合于膜。蛋白激酶催化几种膜蛋白的磷酸化，其中一种（血影蛋白）参与红细胞的力学性质。腺苷酸环化酶的生理作用尚不清楚。乙酰胆碱酯酶是一种外切酶。在多种情况下已发现钙依赖性ATP酶、腺苷酸环化酶以及红细胞膜蛋白的磷酸化异常：遗传性球形红细胞增多症、镰状细胞贫血、进行性肌营养不良，所有这些疾病都与红细胞变形性降低有关。
