Coleman Rosalind A, Lee Douglas P
Departments of Nutrition and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Prog Lipid Res. 2004 Mar;43(2):134-76. doi: 10.1016/s0163-7827(03)00051-1.
Since the pathways of glycerolipid biosynthesis were elucidated in the 1950's, considerable knowledge has been gained about the enzymes that catalyze the lipid biosynthetic reactions and the factors that regulate triacylglycerol biosynthesis. In the last few decades, in part due to advances in technology and the wide availability of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, we have made enormous strides in our understanding of these enzymes at the molecular level. In many cases, sequence information obtained from lipid biosynthetic enzymes of prokaryotes and yeast has provided the means to search the genomic and expressed sequence tag databases for mammalian homologs and most of the genes have now been identified. Surprisingly, multiple isoforms appear to catalyze the same chemical reactions, suggesting that each isoform may play a distinct functional role in the pathway of triacylglycerol and phospholipid biosynthesis. This review focuses on the de novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerol in eukaryotic cells, the isoenzymes that are involved, their subcellular locations, how they are regulated, and their putative individual roles in glycerolipid biosynthesis.
自20世纪50年代甘油脂质生物合成途径被阐明以来，我们已经获得了大量关于催化脂质生物合成反应的酶以及调节三酰甘油生物合成的因素的知识。在过去几十年中，部分由于技术进步以及核苷酸和氨基酸序列的广泛可得性，我们在分子水平上对这些酶的理解取得了巨大进展。在许多情况下，从原核生物和酵母的脂质生物合成酶获得的序列信息提供了在基因组和表达序列标签数据库中搜索哺乳动物同源物的方法，现在大多数基因已被鉴定出来。令人惊讶的是，多种同工型似乎催化相同的化学反应，这表明每种同工型可能在三酰甘油和磷脂生物合成途径中发挥独特的功能作用。本综述重点关注真核细胞中三酰甘油的从头生物合成、涉及的同工酶、它们的亚细胞定位、它们如何被调节以及它们在甘油脂质生物合成中假定的各自作用。
