Curtin Leah L
University of Cincinnati College of Nursing and Health, USA.
Online J Issues Nurs. 2003;8(3):5.
The objective of this article is to synthesize much of the research done on nurse staffing and patient outcomes; the impact of organizational characteristics on nurse staffing patterns, patient outcomes, and costs; and the impact of nurses' experience on patient outcomes. The author concludes research indicates that nurse staffing has a definite and measurable impact on patient outcomes, medical errors, length of stay, nurse turnover, and patient mortality. Moreover, the literature reports data that help determine what is, indeed, appropriate staffing. Ratios are important--a consensus seems to be emerging supporting a range of from 4 to 6 patients per nurse in most acute care hospital inpatient settings, with no more than one to two patients per nurse in areas of high patient acuity. However, ratios must be modified by the nurses' level of experience, the organization's characteristics, and the quality of clinical interaction between and among physicians, nurses, and administrators.
本文的目的是综合大量关于护士配备与患者预后、组织特征对护士配备模式、患者预后及成本的影响，以及护士经验对患者预后的影响等方面的研究。作者总结称，研究表明护士配备对患者预后、医疗差错、住院时长、护士离职率及患者死亡率具有明确且可衡量的影响。此外，文献报道的数据有助于确定何种配备才是真正合适的。比例很重要——在大多数急症护理医院住院环境中，似乎正在形成一种共识，即支持每位护士护理4至6名患者的范围，在患者病情严重程度高的区域，每位护士护理的患者不超过1至2名。然而，比例必须根据护士的经验水平、组织特征以及医生、护士和管理人员之间临床互动的质量进行调整。
