Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty in rheumatic mitral stenosis without heparin.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY

Customarily, heparin is used to prevent embolic complications arising during percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV), but this may prolong hospital stay and increases the risk of bleeding, hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade. The study aim was to assess in-hospital complications of PMBV performed without heparin.

METHODS

Rheumatic mitral stenosis patients undergoing PMBV between February 1997 and March 2000, either with (18 males, 91 females; mean age 37.5 +/- 8.8 years) or without (15 males, 119 females; mean age 37.5 +/- 15.1 years) heparin at conventional doses, were included in the study. Neurologic and cardiac examinations were conducted after PMBV and repeated before discharge from hospital.

RESULTS

There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of age, gender, NYHA class, presence of atrial fibrillation, spontaneous echo contrast, left atrial appendix thrombus, left atrial diameter and mitral valve echo score. There was no difference between groups with regard to procedural success, mitral valve area and gradient attained, or rates of mitral insufficiency. Ten patients in the heparin group required transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance during PMBV (p <0.001). The mean duration of PMBV was greater in the heparin group due to increased use of TEE guidance during septal puncture. During follow up, no patients in the non-heparin group had hemopericardium, cardiac tamponade, embolic event or death; by comparison, in the heparin group one patient had hemopericardium and one had a cardiac tamponade. No major bleeding episode requiring transfusion occurred in either group, but six and 10 cases of minor bleeding at access sites occurred in the non-heparin and heparin groups, respectively (p = NS). Duration of hospitalization was statistically longer in the heparin group than in the non-heparin group.

CONCLUSION

Avoidance of heparin did not lead to an increase in embolic complications. The vascular access sites were withdrawn early, thereby reducing the duration of hospital stay and time to ambulation. This method did not cause any increase in numbers of vascular complications and blood transfusions.