Holahan Carole K
Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2003;56(3):247-67. doi: 10.2190/REWQ-EDMW-8936-MDAU.
This research investigated stability and change in the self-appraisal of having lived up to one's abilities from midlife to later aging. The subjects were 185 participants in the Terman Study of the Gifted, who had been asked to rate themselves with respect to living up to their abilities in 1960 (at an average age of 48) and in 1996 (at an average age of nearly 85). While there was a positive relation between self-appraisal at the 2 times, net change favored a more positive appraisal in aging. Those who rated themselves positively at both times had more positive personality characteristics in early to mid-adulthood, more education, better self-rated health in midlife, somewhat higher ambition in early adulthood and midlife, and greater satisfaction with their achievement in early aging. Those who changed positively in their self-appraisal, as compared with those with a negative later self-appraisal, had somewhat better education, better self-rated health in midlife, higher level occupations, and greater satisfaction with their achievement in early aging. Self-appraisals in later aging were related to current life satisfaction. The results are discussed in terms of the role of the self-concept and the self-narrative in life-span development.
本研究调查了从中年到老年，个体对自身是否发挥了全部能力的自我评价的稳定性和变化情况。研究对象是特曼天才研究中的185名参与者，他们被要求在1960年（平均年龄48岁）和1996年（平均年龄近85岁）对自己发挥能力的情况进行评分。虽然两次自我评价之间存在正相关关系，但净变化显示，随着年龄增长，自我评价更趋积极。在两个时间点都给自己积极评分的人，在成年早期到中期具有更积极的人格特征、接受了更多教育、中年时自我评定的健康状况更好、成年早期和中期的抱负略高，并且在老年早期对自己的成就更满意。与后期自我评价为负面的人相比，自我评价发生积极变化的人接受的教育略好、中年时自我评定的健康状况更好、职业水平更高，并且在老年早期对自己的成就更满意。老年期的自我评价与当前的生活满意度相关。研究结果从自我概念和自我叙事在毕生发展中的作用方面进行了讨论。
