Farrell Martin J, Arnold Paul, Pettifer Steve, Adams Jessica, Graham Tom, MacManamon Michael
Department of Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2003 Dec;9(4):219-27. doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.9.4.219.
The authors investigated the extent to which route learning in a virtual environment (VE) transfers to the real world. In Experiment 1, active VE exploration, on its own or with a map, produced better transfer of training than either no VE training at all or passive VE training; however, transfer was achieved after shorter training times with the map. Experiment 2 demonstrated that VE + map training was not superior to training with a map alone, and Experiment 3 demonstrated that the poorer performances observed after passive VE training were not simply due to a lack of attention but to the lack of active navigational decisions. The authors concluded that the present VE technology does not provide better route learning than studying a map.
作者们研究了虚拟环境（VE）中的路线学习在多大程度上能够迁移到现实世界。在实验1中，主动探索虚拟环境，无论单独进行还是结合地图进行，与完全不进行虚拟环境训练或被动虚拟环境训练相比，都能产生更好的训练迁移效果；然而，结合地图训练时，在更短的训练时间后就能实现迁移。实验2表明，虚拟环境+地图训练并不优于单独使用地图训练，实验3表明，被动虚拟环境训练后观察到的较差表现并非仅仅是由于缺乏注意力，而是由于缺乏主动的导航决策。作者们得出结论，目前的虚拟环境技术在路线学习方面并不比学习地图更具优势。
