Burt R, Wilson M A, Mays M D, Lee C W
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey Laboratory, 100 Centennial Mall North, Room 152, Mail Stop 41, Lincoln, NE 68508-3866, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2003 Nov-Dec;32(6):2109-21. doi: 10.2134/jeq2003.2109.
Few studies of soil geochemistry over large geographic areas exist, especially studies encompassing data from major pedogenic horizons that evaluate both native concentrations of elements and anthropogenically contaminated soils. In this study, pedons (n = 486) were analyzed for trace (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and major (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti, Zr) elements, as well as other soil properties. The objectives were to (i) determine the concentration range of selected elements in a variety of U.S. soils with and without known anthropogenic additions, (ii) illustrate the association of elemental source and content by assessing trace elemental content for several selected pedons, and (iii) evaluate relationships among and between elements and other soil properties. Trace element concentrations in the non-anthropogenic dataset (NAD) were in the order Mn > (Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu) > (Pb, Co) > (Cd, Hg), with greatest mean total concentrations for the Andisol order. Geometric means by horizon indicate that trace elements are concentrated in surface and/or B horizons over C horizons. Median values for trace elements are significantly higher in surface horizons of the anthropogenic dataset (AD) over the NAD. Total Al, Fe, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic C, pH, and clay exhibit significant correlations (0.56, 0.74, 0.50, 0.31, 0.16, and 0.30, respectively) with total trace element concentrations of all horizons of the NAD. Manganese shows the best inter-element correlation (0.33) with these associated total concentrations. Total Fe has one of the strongest relationships, explaining 55 and 30% of the variation in total trace element concentrations for all horizons in the NAD and AD, respectively.
针对大面积区域开展的土壤地球化学研究较少，尤其是那些包含来自主要成土土层数据、评估元素天然浓度以及人为污染土壤的研究。在本研究中，对486个土壤剖面进行了痕量（镉、钴、铬、铜、汞、锰、镍、铅、锌）和常量（铝、钙、铁、钾、镁、钠、磷、硅、钛、锆）元素以及其他土壤性质的分析。目标是：（i）确定美国各种有或没有已知人为添加物的土壤中选定元素的浓度范围；（ii）通过评估几个选定土壤剖面的痕量元素含量来说明元素来源与含量之间的关联；（iii）评估元素之间以及元素与其他土壤性质之间的关系。非人为数据集（NAD）中的痕量元素浓度顺序为锰＞（锌、铬、镍、铜）＞（铅、钴）＞（镉、汞）, 其中安山土纲的平均总浓度最高。按土层计算的几何平均值表明，痕量元素在表层和/或B层中的富集程度高于C层。人为数据集（AD）表层土壤中痕量元素的中位数显著高于NAD。总铝、铁、阳离子交换容量（CEC）、有机碳、pH值和黏土与NAD所有土层的总痕量元素浓度均呈现显著相关性（分别为0.56、0.74、0.50、0.31、0.16和0.30）。锰与这些相关总浓度的元素间相关性最佳（0.33）。总铁的相关性最强，分别解释了NAD和AD中所有土层总痕量元素浓度变化的55%和30%。
