Zalla Tiziana, Joyce Cécile, Szöke Andrei, Schürhoff Franck, Pillon Bernard, Komano Odile, Perez-Diaz Fernando, Bellivier Frank, Alter Caroline, Dubois Bruno, Rouillon Frédéric, Houde Olivier, Leboyer Marion
Institut de Sciences Cognitives, Bron, France.
Psychiatry Res. 2004 Jan 1;121(3):207-17. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00252-x.
Attentional and executive impairments have been found both in patients with schizophrenia and in their unaffected first-degree relatives, suggesting that they might be considered as familial vulnerability markers. Several studies have shown that the performance of bipolar patients does not significantly differ from that of schizophrenic patients, so that executive and attentional deficits might not be specific to schizophrenia. In the present study, we aimed to identify executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder that might be vulnerability trait markers specific to one or common to both of these diseases. We assessed cognitive performance of euthymic bipolar and schizophrenic patients, their unaffected first-degree relatives and a healthy control group, using neuropsychological tasks to test different components of executive function: the Verbal Fluency Test, the Stroop Word Colour Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Trail Making Test. The two groups of patients and their unaffected relatives demonstrated disproportionately increased slowness on the Stroop test in comparison to the normal healthy group. Patients with schizophrenia performed poorly on all the tests in comparison to the normal healthy subjects, while no other impairment was observed in the bipolar patients and in the relatives of schizophrenic and bipolar patients. Enhanced susceptibility to interference and reduced inhibition could be transnosographical markers for a shared familial vulnerability common to schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.
在精神分裂症患者及其未患病的一级亲属中均发现了注意力和执行功能障碍，这表明它们可能被视为家族易感性标志物。多项研究表明，双相情感障碍患者的表现与精神分裂症患者并无显著差异，因此执行功能和注意力缺陷可能并非精神分裂症所特有。在本研究中，我们旨在确定精神分裂症和双相情感障碍中的执行功能障碍，这些障碍可能是这两种疾病中某一种特有的或两者共有的易感性特质标志物。我们使用神经心理学任务来测试执行功能的不同组成部分，评估了处于心境正常期的双相情感障碍患者、精神分裂症患者、他们未患病的一级亲属以及一个健康对照组的认知表现：言语流畅性测试、斯特鲁普词语颜色测试、威斯康星卡片分类测试和连线测验。与正常健康组相比，两组患者及其未患病的亲属在斯特鲁普测试中均表现出不成比例的速度减慢。与正常健康受试者相比，精神分裂症患者在所有测试中表现不佳，而双相情感障碍患者以及精神分裂症和双相情感障碍患者的亲属未观察到其他损害。对干扰的易感性增强和抑制能力降低可能是精神分裂症和双相情感障碍共有的家族易感性的跨诊断标志物。
