Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Cereb Cortex. 2018 Nov 1;28(11):3829-3841. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhx244.
A large amount of variability exists across human brains; revealed initially on a small scale by postmortem studies and, more recently, on a larger scale with the advent of neuroimaging. Here we compared structural variability between human and macaque monkey brains using grey and white matter magnetic resonance imaging measures. The monkey brain was overall structurally as variable as the human brain, but variability had a distinct distribution pattern, with some key areas showing high variability. We also report the first evidence of a relationship between anatomical variability and evolutionary expansion in the primate brain. This suggests a relationship between variability and stability, where areas of low variability may have evolved less recently and have more stability, while areas of high variability may have evolved more recently and be less similar across individuals. We showed specific differences between the species in key areas, including the amount of hemispheric asymmetry in variability, which was left-lateralized in the human brain across several phylogenetically recent regions. This suggests that cerebral variability may be another useful measure for comparison between species and may add another dimension to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms.
人脑之间存在大量的可变性；最初在死后研究中小规模揭示，最近随着神经影像学的出现，在更大规模上揭示。在这里，我们使用灰质和白质磁共振成像测量值比较了人类和猕猴大脑之间的结构可变性。猴子的大脑在结构上总体上与人类大脑一样具有可变性，但可变性具有明显的分布模式，一些关键区域显示出高度的可变性。我们还报告了灵长类动物大脑中解剖结构可变性与进化扩张之间关系的第一个证据。这表明可变性和稳定性之间存在关系，低可变性的区域可能进化得较晚，稳定性更高，而高可变性的区域可能进化得更早，在个体之间的相似性更低。我们在关键区域显示了物种之间的具体差异，包括在几个最近进化的区域中，大脑左右半球不对称性在可变性方面的差异，在人类大脑中呈现左侧偏侧化。这表明大脑可变性可能是物种间比较的另一个有用指标，并可能为我们理解进化机制增加另一个维度。
