Hesseln Hayley, Loomis John B, González-Cabán Armando, Alexander Susan
School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2003 Dec;69(4):359-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.09.012.
We use a travel cost model to test the effects of wild and prescribed fire on visitation by hikers and mountain bikers in New Mexico. Our results indicate that net benefits for mountain bikers is $150 per trip and that they take an average of 6.2 trips per year. Hikers take 2.8 trips per year with individual net benefits per trip of $130. Both hikers' and mountain bikers' demand functions react adversely to prescribed burning. Net benefits for both groups fall as areas recover from prescribed burns. Because both visitation and annual recreation benefits decrease to these two types of visitors, this gives rise to multiple use costs associated with prescribed burning. With respect to wildfire, hikers and mountain bikers both exhibit decreased visitation as areas recover from wildfires, however, only hikers indicate an increase in per trip net benefits. Bikers' demand effectively drops to zero. These results differ from previous findings in the literature and have implications for efficient implementation of the National Fire Plan and whether prescribed burning is a cost effective tool for multiple use management of National Forests. Specifically, that fire and recreation managers cannot expect recreation users to react similarly to fire across recreation activities, or different geographic regions. What is cost effective in one region may not be so in another.
我们使用旅行成本模型来测试野火和计划烧除对新墨西哥州徒步旅行者和山地自行车骑行者到访情况的影响。我们的结果表明，山地自行车骑行者每次出行的净收益为150美元，他们平均每年出行6.2次。徒步旅行者每年出行2.8次，每次出行的个人净收益为130美元。徒步旅行者和山地自行车骑行者的需求函数对计划烧除均产生负面反应。随着区域从计划烧除中恢复，这两个群体的净收益都会下降。由于这两类游客的到访量和年度娱乐收益都减少了，这就产生了与计划烧除相关的多种用途成本。关于野火，随着区域从野火中恢复，徒步旅行者和山地自行车骑行者的到访量均有所下降，然而，只有徒步旅行者表示每次出行的净收益有所增加。骑行者的需求实际上降至零。这些结果与文献中先前的研究结果不同，对《国家火灾计划》的有效实施以及计划烧除是否是国家森林多种用途管理的一种具有成本效益的工具具有启示意义。具体而言，火灾和娱乐管理者不能期望娱乐使用者在不同的娱乐活动或不同的地理区域对火灾做出类似反应。在一个地区具有成本效益的做法在另一个地区可能并非如此。
