Waters Gloria S, Caplan David
Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, MA 02215, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2004 Jan;57(1):129-63. doi: 10.1080/02724980343000170.
Two experiments investigated the relationship between performance on standard tests of verbal working-memory and the on-line construction of syntactic form. In Experiment 1, working-memory was measured in 100 college students on a version of the Daneman and Carpenter (1980) reading-span task, and online syntactic processing was assessed using a self-paced listening task with four sentence types. In Experiment 2, working-memory was measured in 48 college students on two versions of the reading-span task and two other tests of verbal working-memory, and on-line syntactic processing was assessed using the self-paced listening task with an additional sentence type. In both experiments, there was no relationship between working-memory capacity and the increase in processing time seen for the on-line construction of syntactic form for either syntactically more complex or syntactically simpler sentences. The results indicate that the capacity of the working-memory system that is measured by standard working-memory tests does not determine the efficiency of on-line syntactic processing. They are consistent with the view that the working-memory system used for parsing is at least partially separate from that measured by traditional measures of working-memory capacity.
两项实验研究了言语工作记忆的标准测试成绩与句法形式的在线构建之间的关系。在实验1中，对100名大学生进行了丹曼和卡彭特（1980）阅读广度任务的一个版本的工作记忆测量，并使用包含四种句子类型的自定步调听力任务评估在线句法处理。在实验2中，对48名大学生进行了两个版本的阅读广度任务以及另外两项言语工作记忆测试的工作记忆测量，并使用包含一种额外句子类型的自定步调听力任务评估在线句法处理。在这两项实验中，对于句法更复杂或句法更简单的句子，工作记忆容量与在线构建句法形式时处理时间的增加之间均不存在关系。结果表明，通过标准工作记忆测试所测量的工作记忆系统的容量并不能决定在线句法处理的效率。这些结果与以下观点一致，即用于句法分析的工作记忆系统至少部分地独立于通过传统工作记忆容量测量方法所测量的系统。
