Joussemet Mireille, Koestner Richard, Lekes Natasha, Houlfort Nathalie
McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
J Pers. 2004 Feb;72(1):139-66. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00259.x.
Two experiments compared rewards and autonomy support as methods to promote children's self-regulation for an uninteresting vigilance task. Dependent measures were ratings of positive affect, perception of the task's value, and free-choice engagement. ANOVA results revealed some positive effects associated with autonomy support, whereas no effect for rewards was found in either study. The outcomes of most interest were correlations between free-choice behavior and self-reported measures of affect and value, reflecting the level of integration in self-regulation. As predicted by self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1991, 2000), rewards were associated with behaviors incongruent from affect and value, whereas autonomy support led to integrated self-regulation. This finding was first detected in Study 1 and later replicated in Study 2. Together, these results point to autonomy support as a beneficial alternative to the common use of rewards.
两项实验比较了奖励和自主支持这两种方法，以促进儿童在一项无趣的警觉任务中的自我调节。因变量包括积极情绪评分、对任务价值的认知以及自由选择参与度。方差分析结果显示，自主支持有一些积极效果，而两项研究均未发现奖励有任何效果。最受关注的结果是自由选择行为与自我报告的情绪和价值测量之间的相关性，反映了自我调节的整合程度。正如自我决定理论（德西和瑞安，1985年、1991年、2000年）所预测的那样，奖励与与情绪和价值不一致的行为相关，而自主支持则导致整合的自我调节。这一发现首先在研究1中被检测到，随后在研究2中得到重复。总之，这些结果表明自主支持是一种比常用奖励更有益的替代方法。
