Deister A, Marneros A
Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Bonn.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1992 Nov;60(11):407-19. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1000664.
Sex differences in 355 patients with functional psychoses were investigated longitudinally (mean observation time more than 25 years). Using narrow criteria, 148 patients were diagnosed as having a schizophrenic disorder, 101 as having a schizoaffective and 106 as having an affective disorder. Similarities and differences between male and female patients in these three diagnostic groups were investigated and compared on four levels (premorbid and sociodemographic features, elements of course, symptomatology and the different aspects of outcome) using international standardised instruments of evaluation. A different sex distribution in the three groups was found. Female schizophrenic patients showed a better premorbid social adjustment and a better long-term psychopathological and social outcome than male patients. Differences between male and female schizoaffective patients were found only regarding premorbid personality and polarity, but not regarding symptomatology and outcome. In affective psychoses female patients showed a better social outcome than male patients, but no relevant differences regarding premorbid adjustment were found. Gender differences were found as an important variable for research in functional psychoses, but interactions with other variables have to be considered.
对355例功能性精神病患者进行了纵向研究（平均观察时间超过25年）。采用严格标准，148例患者被诊断为精神分裂症，101例为分裂情感性精神病，106例为情感障碍。使用国际标准化评估工具，在四个层面（病前和社会人口学特征、病程要素、症状学及结局的不同方面）对这三个诊断组的男性和女性患者的异同进行了调查和比较。发现三组患者的性别分布不同。女性精神分裂症患者病前社会适应状况较好，长期精神病理和社会结局也优于男性患者。男性和女性分裂情感性精神病患者仅在病前人格和极性方面存在差异，在症状学和结局方面无差异。在情感性精神病中，女性患者的社会结局优于男性患者，但在病前适应方面未发现相关差异。性别差异是功能性精神病研究中的一个重要变量，但必须考虑其与其他变量的相互作用。
