Müller Manfred, Soergel Elisabeth, Buse Karsten
Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Opt Lett. 2003 Dec 15;28(24):2515-7. doi: 10.1364/ol.28.002515.
Illumination of a lithium niobate or lithium tantalate crystal along the crystallographic c axis with coherent light while simultaneously applying an external electrical field through transparent electrodes allows real-time, in situ, nondestructive monitoring of ferroelectric domain patterns. Imaging of the optical near-field through a lens directly visualizes the domain walls, whereas the far-field yields averaged information about the spatial orientation of the domain boundaries.
