Cryan John F, Gasparini Fabrizio, van Heeke Gino, Markou Athina
Neuroscience Disease Area,The Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, WSJ 386.344Novartis Pharma AG. CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
Drug Discov Today. 2003 Nov 15;8(22):1025-34. doi: 10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02890-3.
Smoking is a major health problem and is propelled, at least in part, by the addictive properties of nicotine. Two types of pharmacological therapies have been approved for smoking cessation by the US Food and Drug Administration. The first therapy consists of nicotine replacement, substituting the nicotine from cigarettes with safer nicotine formulations. The second therapy is bupropion (Zyban), an atypical antidepressant, whose use has raised much debate as to how a non-nicotine-based agent can aid in smoking cessation. This review focuses on recent advances that could lead to the development of improved novel pharmacological treatments. These strategies focus on altering reward processes in the brain by modulating various neurotransmitter systems: the most promising include dopamine D(3) receptor antagonists, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, GABA(B) receptor agonists, metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGluR5) receptor antagonists, cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists, and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) 1 receptor antagonists.
吸烟是一个主要的健康问题，并且至少部分是由尼古丁的成瘾特性所推动的。美国食品药品监督管理局已批准两种类型的药物疗法用于戒烟。第一种疗法是尼古丁替代疗法，即用更安全的尼古丁制剂替代香烟中的尼古丁。第二种疗法是安非他酮（载班），一种非典型抗抑郁药，其使用引发了诸多关于非尼古丁类药物如何有助于戒烟的争论。本综述聚焦于可能导致开发出改进的新型药物治疗方法的最新进展。这些策略着重于通过调节各种神经递质系统来改变大脑中的奖赏过程：最有前景的包括多巴胺D(3)受体拮抗剂、去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂、γ-氨基丁酸B(GABA(B))受体激动剂、代谢型谷氨酸5(mGluR5)受体拮抗剂、大麻素CB1受体拮抗剂以及促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)1受体拮抗剂。
