Gartland Alison, Buckley Katherine A, Hipskind Robert A, Bowler Wayne B, Gallagher James A
Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue N., Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2003;13(2-4):237-42.
The concept that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission (Edwards et al., 1992), inflammation (Perregaux et al., 1994), apoptosis (Chow et al., 1997), and bone remodelling (Jones et al., 1997; Morrison et al., 1998) is now widely accepted. Since the early work of Burnstock (Burnstock, 1972), the number of characterized P2 receptors responsive to extracellular nucleotides has increased dramatically. It is now known that both osteoblasts and osteoclasts express multiple P2 receptor subtypes, and the increasing number of nucleotide-induced effects reported to occur in bone serves to highlight the importance of these receptors in the bone microenvironment and the bone remodeling processes. In this article we will review work from our laboratory, and others, that has established nucleotides and P2 receptors as important signaling molecules in bone. In particular, we will focus on the expression of P2 receptors by osteoclasts and, more specifically, the P2X7 receptor and its paradoxical role in osteoclast function.
三磷酸腺苷（ATP）可通过与特定嘌呤能受体相互作用，作为一种细胞外信号分子，介导多种不同的过程，如神经传递（爱德华兹等人，1992年）、炎症（佩雷戈等人，1994年）、细胞凋亡（周等人，1997年）和骨重塑（琼斯等人，1997年；莫里森等人，1998年），这一概念如今已被广泛接受。自伯恩斯托克早期的研究工作（伯恩斯托克，1972年）以来，对细胞外核苷酸有反应的已鉴定P2受体数量急剧增加。现在已知成骨细胞和破骨细胞都表达多种P2受体亚型，而且据报道在骨骼中发生的核苷酸诱导效应数量不断增加，这凸显了这些受体在骨微环境和骨重塑过程中的重要性。在本文中，我们将回顾我们实验室以及其他实验室的工作，这些工作已确定核苷酸和P2受体是骨骼中的重要信号分子。特别是，我们将重点关注破骨细胞中P2受体的表达，更具体地说，是P2X7受体及其在破骨细胞功能中的矛盾作用。
