Anderson Deborah K, Saunders Daniel G
University of Michigan, USA.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2003 Apr;4(2):163-91. doi: 10.1177/1524838002250769.
Four facets of leaving an abusive relationship are reviewed: (a). factors related to initially leaving an abusive partner; (b). the process of leaving an abusive relationship; (c). the psychological well-being of survivors after leaving; and (d). the predictors of this well-being. The conceptual and methodological limitations of studies in each of these areas are presented. Consistently found predictors of leaving include both material and psychological factors. Because battered women typically undergo several shifts in their thinking about the abuse before leaving permanently, research on leaving as a process is highlighted. A stress-process framework is used to explain the seemingly paradoxical finding that some women just out of the abusive relationship may have greater psychological difficulties than those who are still in it. For those experiencing the most stress, psychological health can worsen over time. Researchers and practitioners need to pay more attention to the plight of women who have left abusive partners.
(a) 与最初离开虐待伴侣相关的因素；(b) 脱离虐待关系的过程；(c) 离开后幸存者的心理健康状况；以及 (d) 这种心理健康状况的预测因素。文中介绍了这些领域中各项研究在概念和方法上的局限性。一直以来发现的与离开相关的预测因素包括物质和心理因素。由于受虐妇女在永久离开之前通常会经历几次对虐待行为看法的转变，因此重点强调了将离开视为一个过程的研究。采用压力过程框架来解释这一看似矛盾的发现，即一些刚脱离虐待关系的女性可能比仍处于虐待关系中的女性有更大的心理困扰。对于那些承受最大压力的人来说，心理健康状况会随着时间的推移而恶化。研究人员和从业者需要更加关注那些已经离开虐待伴侣的女性的困境。
