Cooper G M
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
J Cell Biochem Suppl. 1992;16G:131-6. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240501123.
Oncogenes are formed in human tumors as a result of mutations or DNA rearrangements leading to the abnormal expression or function of proto-oncogenes. Approximately 20 different oncogenes are reproducibly activated in malignancies of several types, including breast, colon, lung, pancreatic, and thyroid carcinomas, leukemias, and lymphomas. The potential utility of these oncogenes as markers for early detection of cancer is dependent on the stage of tumor development at which they are activated, and on whether the mutated oncogenes are readily distinguished from the corresponding proto-oncogenes by assays that are sufficiently sensitive to detect precancerous lesions.
癌基因是人类肿瘤中由于突变或DNA重排导致原癌基因异常表达或功能异常而形成的。在包括乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、胰腺癌、甲状腺癌、白血病和淋巴瘤在内的几种类型的恶性肿瘤中，约20种不同的癌基因可重复性激活。这些癌基因作为癌症早期检测标志物的潜在效用取决于它们被激活时肿瘤发展的阶段，以及突变的癌基因是否能通过足够灵敏以检测癌前病变的检测方法与相应的原癌基因轻易区分开来。
