Höfler H
Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technischen Universität München.
Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 1990;74:319-27.
Diagnosis- and/or prognosis-related alterations of (proto) oncogenes may be detected in neuroblastoma (N-myc), carcinoma of breast and ovary (HER2/neu), NHL (c-myc, bcl-2), CML (c-abl/bcr), and some other neoplasias. A wide variety of methods for the detection of gene alterations can be applied. The methods of detection have to be chosen according to the expected mechanisms of oncogene activation, the availability of adequately prepared tissue, and the technical standard of the laboratory. The sensitivity, specificity, and quantitation of morphological techniques (immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization) is restricted and their results have to be interpreted most carefully. Whenever possible, at least two different techniques should be used, preferably on two different levels, i.e. RNA/DNA and protein. Furthermore, the combination of morphological and non morphological methods should be aspired.
在神经母细胞瘤（N - myc）、乳腺癌和卵巢癌（HER2/neu）、非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL，c - myc、bcl - 2）、慢性粒细胞白血病（CML，c - abl/bcr）以及其他一些肿瘤中，可能会检测到与诊断和/或预后相关的（原）癌基因改变。可应用多种检测基因改变的方法。检测方法必须根据癌基因激活的预期机制、充分准备的组织的可用性以及实验室的技术标准来选择。形态学技术（免疫组织化学和原位杂交）的敏感性、特异性和定量受到限制，其结果必须极其谨慎地解读。只要有可能，应至少使用两种不同的技术，最好在两个不同层面，即RNA/DNA和蛋白质层面。此外，应追求形态学和非形态学方法的结合。
