Hernández Aguado I, Fernández García E, García de la Hera M, Alvarez-Dardet C
Instituto Valenciano de Estudios en Salud Pública.
Med Clin (Barc). 1992 Oct 10;99(11):406-9.
Women dedicated to prostitution constitute a group at risk of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). This study was designed with the aim of knowing the frequency of this infection in prostitutes and the factors associated to the same.
A descriptive transversal study with analytic components including 444 women who voluntarily attended an AIDS prevention center from 1986-1991 was carried out. The HIV-1 antibody test was performed in 440 of the subjects. All the subjects were interrogated on sociodemographic variables and risk of infection.
Of the 440 women studied, 24 had HIV-1 antibodies with a global prevalence (1986-1991) of 5.5% with confidence intervals of 3.4, and 7.6% at 95% (CI 95%). During the study period the prevalence remained stable: 6.8% (1986-87), 5.5% (1988), 4.3% (1989) and 4.3% (1990-91). No positive association was found between HIV-1 infection and education, time in prostitution and the use of condoms. HIV-1 infection was strongly associated to the use of drugs, adjusted odds ratio by logistic regression OR = 26.9 (CI 95%: 8.9; 9/1). Positive associations were also observed with greater number of sexual partners and syphilis but these did not reach statistical significance. The percentage of prostitutes who used condoms with more than 33% of their clients increased from 44.5% in 1986-87 to 85.9% in 1990-91.
In this study no considerable changes were found with respect to the prevalence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus-1 in prostitutes in Spain. Similarly, this collective has increased its use of preventive measures although they remain insufficient, indicating that more energetic preventive strategies are necessary. These measures should be particularly active with the group of young prostitutes.
从事卖淫活动的女性是感染人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）的高危人群。本研究旨在了解妓女中这种感染的频率及其相关因素。
开展了一项描述性横断面研究，包含分析性内容，纳入了1986年至1991年期间自愿前往艾滋病预防中心的444名女性。对其中440名受试者进行了HIV-1抗体检测。所有受试者均接受了关于社会人口统计学变量和感染风险的询问。
在研究的440名女性中，有24人携带HIV-1抗体，总体患病率（1986 - 1991年）为5.5%，95%置信区间为3.4%至7.6%。在研究期间，患病率保持稳定：1986 - 1987年为6.8%，1988年为5.5%，1989年为4.3%，1990 - 1991年为4.3%。未发现HIV-1感染与教育程度、从事卖淫的时间以及使用避孕套之间存在正相关。HIV-1感染与吸毒密切相关，经逻辑回归调整后的优势比OR = 26.9（95%CI：8.9；9/1）。还观察到与性伴侣数量较多和梅毒存在正相关，但这些未达到统计学显著性。与超过33%的客户使用避孕套的妓女比例从1986 - 1987年的44.5%增加到1990 - 1991年的85.9%。
在本研究中，西班牙妓女中人类免疫缺陷病毒1型感染的患病率未发现显著变化。同样，这一群体增加了预防措施的使用，尽管仍然不足，这表明需要更有力的预防策略。这些措施应对年轻妓女群体特别有效。
